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The bacteria that cause syphilis and cholera have distinct shapes that are crucial for their identification and classification. The causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum, is classified as a spiral-shaped bacterium, known as a spirillum. Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, has a curved rod shape, which is characteristic of vibrios.

In the context of the provided options, the correct choice refers to the general shape of these bacteria, particularly highlighting their spiral form. While spirilla are characterized by a corkscrew or spiral shape that allows them to move in a unique manner, vibrios, although associated with cholera, do not fit the description applied under the broader classification of spirilla. Thus, the chosen answer accurately reflects that Treponema and similar organisms exhibit a spiral structure, distinguishing them from other bacterial shapes like cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and vibrios (curved rods). This understanding is essential for both identification under the microscope and discussions concerning the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by these pathogens.